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Name: ____________________________ Chapter 21 Study Guide
1. Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? ______________________________________________ 2. List the five reasons why the IR began in that country: a. ___________________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________________ d. __________________________________________________________________________ e. ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. List the three factors of production a. ___________________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. Who invented the cotton gin? _________________________________________________________ 5. What is the “cottage industry”? _______________________________________________________ 6. What did James Watt perfect? ________________________________________________________ 7. What industry stimulated the widespread use of steam engines? ____________________________ 8. What problems were there with the cottage industry? _____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Describe the working conditions of early factories. ________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Why was factory work dangerous for children? ___________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 11. If working in factories and living in the cities was so terrible, why did people stay? _______________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Why were workers’ wages kept so low? _________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 13. What is a union? ____________________________________________________________________ 14. What is a “strike”? __________________________________________________________________ 15. Why were unions reluctant to hold strikes early on? _______________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 16. Define “mass production”. ____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 17. What are “interchangeable parts”? _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 18. Why is Adam Smith famous? __________________________________________________________ 19. What is “The Wealth of Nations” about? ________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 20. What is “laissez faire economics”? _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 21. Who was Karl Marx? ________________________________________________________________ 22. Briefly explain “Socialism”: ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 23. Briefly explain “Communism”: _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 24. What industry were the following people associated with? a. Andrew Carnegie: ____________________________________________________________ b. Vanderbilt: __________________________________________________________________ c. Rockefeller: _________________________________________________________________ 25. Define “utopia”: ____________________________________________________________________ 26. What effect did the IR have on countries? _______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ |