Section 4

Benito Mussolini

-AKA “Il Duce”

-Italy

-Started “fascism”

-Extreme patriotism and nationalism

-Good of the nation more important than anything else

-Felt military should have control

-Opposed communism

-Became prime minister in 1922 after he and 30,000 supporters marched into Rome

-Threatened violence

-King lets him form new government

-Had dictatorial powers

-Was totalitarian

-Invaded Ethiopia in 1935 (revenge / show off power)

-Back in late 1800s, Ethiopia defeated Italian quest for colonization

-Ethiopia asked League of Nations for helpànothing done

Joseph Stalin

-Stalin becomes leader after Lenin died in 1924

-Made USSR totalitarian

-Five year plans

-Tried to modernize economy

-Each factory had production goals in each plan

-Set by government

-Worked, at first

-1929àTakes land away from peasants and turned them into huge farms (collectivism)

-15,000,000 peasants were executed or sent to gulags (Siberian prison camp)

-Chaosànothing workingàlittle food being grownàfamine

-Made USSR a “closed country”àpeople only saw what Stalin wanted them to see

-1935àExecuted anyone suspected of not being 100% loyal to him

-Some wanted to elect new leader (didn’t approve of his tight control)

-Purged the communist party (MILLIONS murdered)