Section 3

Russia and WWI

            -Russia had lots of internal problems before the war

                        -Nicholas II promised reforms, but didn’t follow through

                        -Bolsheviks wanted to overthrow czar and replace with communism

                                    -Leader was Vladimir Lenin

                                    -As economy grew worse, gained more support

            -During the war

-Russia had 6 million in army

                        -When war began, lots of patriotism

                                    -Took attention away from problems

                        -Couldn’t support army (lack of weapons, transportation, old equipment)

                        -Lost millions of soldiers during war

            -Russia having more and more problems

                        -Nicholas II takes personal command of army in 1915

                                    -Terrible leader

                        -Food shortages in Russia

                        -Wife “ran” country while he commanded troops

                                    -Had Grigory Rasputin (psycho) advise her

The Russian Revolution

            -March 8, 1917àRussians start protesting lack of food, fuel

                        -Police and soldiers joined in riot

            -Nicholas II orders Duma (legislature) to disband

                        -Duma defies order

            -March 15àNicholas abdicates b/c no one is obeying orders

            -New temporary government formed

                        -New gov’t unpopularàstill food shortages

                        -Bolsheviks led opposition (Red Army)

                                    -Wanted fundamental changes in Russia (not just face lifts)

                                                -Abolish private property, social equality, collectivism

                                    -Lenin arrives in Russia in 1917

            -Bolshevik Revolution

                        -Russia doing badly in waràarmy leadership collapses

                        -November 1917àBolsheviks attack government (October Revolution)

                                    -Temporary gov’t collapses and Lenin becomes leader

                        -Redistributed land to peasants, factories turned over to workers

Russia After the Revolution

            -Bolsheviks wanted out of WWI

                        -Leon Troksy negotiated peace for Russiaàbad for Russia

                                    -Had to give up large chunks of empire

            -Civil War

                        -People upset at Russia’s peace treaty

                                    -White Army

                                                -Bolshevik opponents (army leaders, politicians)

                        -3 years of fighting between Red and White army

            -Economy

                        -Civil war devastated Russian economy

                                    -Lenin had to rethink communism

                                                -Allowed peasants to sell food for profit to survive

            -Soviet Union is formed

                        -In 1922, Russia united with several neighboring countries

                                    -Old part of Russian empire

                                    -Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

            -Lenin dies in 1924àWho is going to take over???? (Trotsky or Stalin)

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