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Section 3 The Scramble for Africa
The New Imperialism -1860àVery few colonies in Africa -1914àall but 2 countries in Africa were colonized (map) -Colonization of Africa different from before -OldàSettling colonies -NewàDirect governing -Reasons why Africa was colonized -Economic reasons -Slave trade popular until 1800s -After slaveryàraw materials (coal, metal) -Mines, plantation owners asked gov’t for protection from competition -Political competition -Land = power -More colonies = more respect/power -Nationalism fueled competition -Cultural motives -Humans divided up by race; each race was different -European (white) way of life superior -Needed to teach Africans good govt, Christianity -Social Darwinism -Some people are more fit than others -Like in nature, strong survive; weak die -Cecil Rhodes (wealthy businessman) -Better for humanity if Africans were “Europeanized”
European Claims in Africa -With quinine, Europeans could explore deep parts of Africa -New weapons gave Europeans military advantage -Communication became easier with telegraph -Travel became easier with railroads and steamships -Suez Canal (1869) -Linked Mediterranean and Red Sea -British took over in 1882 when Egypt govt became unstable -Protect its interests -Berlin Conference (1884-1885) -How to divide up Africa -When country claimed part of Africa, had to notify other countries and prove it had control -Other countries should respect new claim -No attention paid to African borders, peoples -Great Boer War (1899) -Boer = Dutch settler in Southern Africa -Didn’t like British coming in looking for gold -War breaks out -British soldiers outnumbered Boer’s -Boer’s used guerrilla warfare -British place women/children in concentration camps -20,000 die -British finally defeat Boers, take control of South Africa -Belgian Congo (Central Africa) -King of Belgium claimed the land for himself (not for Belgium) -Exploited rubber industry -Forced Africans to work (millions died)
African Resistance -Zulu -In 1800s, leader was Shaka (good leader) -Fought British colonization for 50 years -Could not continue to fightàlostàannexed by British -Ethiopia -Italy tried to annex it -Had treaty to annex part of Ethiopia -Mistranslation in treaty -War in 1895àItaly defeated! (Italy will get its revenge) -French West Africa -Fought the French for 15 before French gained control -German East Africa -Germany exploited colony for cotton -People rebelled -Religious leader told rebels to sprinkle themselves with magic water -Maji was bulletproof -Didn’t work |
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