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Chapter 23 Section 4
Growth of the United States -13 original colonies (1776) -Acquired more land west at the end of Revolutionary War (1783) -1803 -Napoleon decided not to pursue his empire in North America -Wanted to sell it -$15,000,000 for 800,000 square miles (About $18/sq mile) -Doubled the size of US -President Thomas Jefferson agreed to purchase -War of 1812 -No expansion -US upset at Britain for harassing US ships and aiding Natives -Declaration by President James Monroe -Any land in the western hemisphere is off limits to Europe -Just an idle threatàCouldn’t really back it up -Texas -Texas = Mexican land -1820àMoses Austin founded settlements in Texas -When Mexico gained independence, was harsh on Texans -Fought for their independence -Became country (Republic of Texas) -1845àTexas admitted as a state -Mexico still claimed parts of Texas -Mexican-American War (1846-1848) -US wins -Mexico cedes most of SW -Gadsden Purchase (1853) -Southern Arizona/New Mexico -Moving West -Manifest Destiny -God-given right for US to control land from Atlantic to Pacific -Gold discovered in CA in 1848 -Gold Rush in 1849 -Homestead Act -160 acres of free land out west -Effects on Native Americans -Moving west = moving onto Indian land -1830àIndian Removal Act -Relocation of Indians -Trail of Tears
The Civil War -Causes: -North and South had very different ways of life and were growing apart
-South = farms and plantations
-Slave vs. Free for new states -States’ Rights -War begins at Ft. Sumter (SC) in April 1861 -Emancipation Proclamation (1863) -Lincoln declared all slaves living in rebellious areas free -Battle of Gettysburg (1863) -Turning point -Union troops defeat Confederate troops -War ends when Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomatox Courthouse in VA -Effects: -South is in ruins -Reconstruction (rebuilding the South) -13th Amendment (outlaw slavery) -14th Amendment (Equal protection / due process) -15th Amendment (voting can’t be denied because of race)
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