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Chapter 23 Section 2
The Revolution of 1830 -After Napoleon, Louis XVIII was restored to the throne -France had constitution and legislature, but king had power -Charles X becomes king after Louis XVIII dies -Wanted to rule as absolute monarch -Suspended legislature -Revolution begins -Charles abdicates -Louis Philippe becomes constitutional monarch -Popular at first (looked “common”àcitizen king) -Over time, wanted more and more power -Became repressive
Birth of a Republic -Revolution of 1848 -Began when gov’t banned banquet planned by reformers -Revolution begins -Louis Philippe abdicates -French set up a new gov’t (republic) with a president -Voters elected Louis Napoleon (nephew) -“Second Republic” (First was after French Revolution) -All men had right to vote -Inspired other revolutions in Europe -Louis Napoleon was term-limited -Wanted to remain in office -Arrested those who opposed this -Vote gave him power to draft new constitution -Vote elected him Emperor Napoleon III -“Second Empire” -Did do some good things: more voting rights, increase trade, communication -Bad: Absolute emperor -Third Republic -1870àNapoleon goes to war with Prussia -Capturedàhumiliating -French Assembly deposes Napoleon -Declares “Third Republic” -Reforms: -Free primary education -Unions were legalized -Working hours reduced
The Dreyfus Affair -France still had problems despite all the reforms -Court case: Dreyfus Affair -All about “anti-Semitism” (prejudice towards Jews) -Dreyfus was a captain in the military (was Jewish) -Accused of giving secrets to Germany -Found guilty even though others knew he was not (anti-Semitism) -Humiliated in public (stripes removed, sword broken) -Someone else (not Jewish) was the spy -Anti-Semitic riots broke out in France after others came to Dreyfus’ defense -Sparked “Zionism” (movement to create a Jewish homeland) -Not “welcomed” in France |