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Chapter 21 Section 1
Main Idea: In the 1700s, conditions in England led to the rapid growth of the textile industry. This, in turn, led to major changes in other industries
A Revolution in Great Britain -Changes in technology advanced how we worked -Industrial Revolution -Why did it start in England? -Exploration/colonialism -Had lots of raw materials -Lots of new markets -Seapower -Could transport goods easily -Political stability -Peace at home -Gov’t support -Pro-business laws -Growth of private investment -Agricultural Factors -Jethro Tull invented seed drill (1701) -Improved breeding methods -Improved varieties of crops -Enclosure movement (creation of huge farms) -More efficient -England had all the “factors of production” -Land -Natural resources (coal, iron, water) -Built large canal system -Labor -Growing population (more food) -Capital -England fairly wealthy country -Also had “human capital” (skilled, smart people)
Textile Revolution -Pre-IRàcottage industry -Weaving done at home -England able to get lots of wool and cotton (USAàslavery) -Eli Whitney invented cotton gin -James Hargreaves invented spinning jenny -Richard Arkwright improved and perfected it -Edmund Cartwright invented power loom (1785) -These new inventions too big for home -Used in “factories”
Steam Powers the Revolution -James Watt perfected steam engine -1802àfirst steam powered locomotive invented -Robert Fulton developed first steam ship -Needed fuel to heat water -Wood fairly scarce -Had lots of coal -Many factories built close to coal mines -Mining coal terrible, deadly job
Spread of the IR -The countries that had democracies saw “competition” as good -Economic competition -England forbid some new inventions and people from leaving country -Samuel Slater sneaked into US (1789) -Built first spinning frame -Textile industry spread in the Northeast -Francis Lowell had lots of mills (10,000 workers) -Other countries industrialized -Belgium next country; France came later (revolutions) -Asian countries very slow to industrialize (some not until 1900s)
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