Chapter 20

Section 4

Main Idea: Napoleon was exiled after finally being defeated, and a meeting was held to restore order to the continent.

Disaster and Defeat

            -1812àNapoleon invades Russia with 600K troopsàwanted more land

                        -Not well-arranged/organized

                                    -Many troops were new (from conquered lands)

                                    -Lost lots of supplies along the way

                                    -Bad weather

                        -As Napoleon moved east, Russian troops retreated farter back

                                    -Russia used scorched earth policy

                                                -Even Moscow was left in ruins

                        -OctoberàStarted heading home

                                    -Very bad winter

                                                -Starvation and hypothermia killed thousands

                        -Napoleon came back with only 94,000 troops

            -Battle of Leipzip (1813)

                        -Napoleon’s enemies defeat France

                        -Napoleon forced to give up throne, exiled to Elba

The Last Campaigns

            -After Napoleon, France restored the monarch

                        -Louis XVIII (brother of XVI) new king

                                    -Not popular

                        -Returned conquered land

            -The Hundred Days

                        -Napoleon returns to France (1815)

                                    -Recruits an army of supporters

-Louis XVIII flees

                        -Some happy, some mad

            -Battle of Waterloo

                        -Napoleon’s enemies combining/gathering troops

                                    -Duke of Wellington (UK) in charge

                        -Armies meet at Waterloo (Belgium) on June 18, 1815

                                    -Prussian troops join in against Napoleon

                                                -Napoleon defeated

                        -50,000 died

            -Napoleon tries to escape to America but captured

                        -Exiled to St. Helena (South Atlantic)

                                    -Died  there a few years later

Congress of Vienna

            -Purpose: Restore order/stability to Europe

            -Prince Klemens von Metternich (Austria) key player

                        -Wanted to restore old power

                        -Punish France

                        -Put down any revolution anywhere

            -Redrew boundaries in Europe

                        -Netherlands got land

                        -German Confederation created

                        -Pro-Franceà Lost land; Anti-FranceàGained land

            -Spain, Sicily, Portugal, Sardinia all restored monarchies

            -Metternich believed in absolute monarchy

                        -Hated all of the Enlightenment ideas

                        -His power limited/silenced liberal ideas for decades

Legacy of the French Revolution

            -Enlightenment ideas were here to stay

                        -Even with monarchies restored

            -Commoners realized they could change the world

            -Revolutions across Europe started after France

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