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Chapter 20 Section 3
Main Idea: Napoleon Bonaparte rose through military ranks to become emperor over France and much of Europe.
Napoleon’s Rise to Power -Good military leader during Revolution -1793ŕForced British out of France -1794ŕDefeated Austrian troops -1795ŕSquashed uprising in Paris -1796ŕPut in charge of protecting France -Poorly suppliedŕHad to take food from countryside -Did a good job -Expanded territory -Defeated British in Egypt (1798) -Lost following battleŕEmbarrassment -Kept defeat secret -Directory had become so weak and inefficient -Conspirators helped Napoleon seize power -November 1799ŕcoup d’etat (takeover by power) -Set up new governmentŕConsulate -3 Consuls -Napoleon was dictator -France on board -Tired of chaos -Wanted stability
Emperor Napoleon -1804ŕPeople voted (plebiscite) to make France an empire -Pope supposed to crown Napoleon, but Napoleon does it himself -Desire for empire -Wanted to extend France’s power -Americasŕsent expeditionŕfailedŕturned attention to Europe -Sold French land in AmericasŕLouisiana Purchase (1803) -Napoleonic Wars (1804-1815) -Quest for more land -England greatest enemy -Defeated Napoleon at Trafalgar -Continental System -Tried to blockade EnglandŕNo trade = no money -England fought back -Peninsular War -Portugal refused to follow Continental System -Napoleon sends in troops -Conquers Portugal and Spain -Spain revolts -England sends troops to help out -Napoleon wins -Spain begins guerrilla warfare against Napoleon -Napoleon controlled most of Europe (p612)
Napoleon’s Politics -Napoleon makes peace with Pope -Concordat -Religious toleration in France -Economic reforms -Established Bank of France -Reorganized tax system -Organized legal codeŕNapoleonic code -Used wherever Napoleon ruled -Restricted some rights -Set up schools across France -Some revolutionary ideas became permanent (“Age of Napoleon”) -Equality before the law -Representative system of gov’t -Nationalism spread in France |