|
Chapter 18 Section 3 Monarchy in England
Main Idea: The English monarchy was limited by Parliament, and Parliament became more powerful after a civil war.
The Tudors -Henry VIII (early-mid 1500s) -Church of England formed -Act of Supremacy (1534)àKing head of Church of England -Edward and Bloody Mary (Mary I) each ruled for just a few years -Elizabeth I -Single, never married -Parliament wanted her to have an heir -Refused (would limit her own power) -Had good relationship with Parliament -Let them speak their minds -Some didn’t like a single woman running things -Questioned monarch’s authority
The Stuarts -Elizabeth died in 1603àno heirs -James (relative) of Scotland becomes king -Stuart -Did not get along with Parliament -Believed in divine right / absolute monarchy -“Outsider” -Wanted $$$ to wage warsàParliament said now -Puritans became more influential -Wanted to “purify” C of E -Allowed for the publication of English version of the Bible -King James version -Charles I (1625) -Married Catholic woman (not popular) -Signed “Petition of Right” in exchange for money to fight wars (1628) -Placed limits on king’s power -No taxes w/o Parl. Approval -No imprisonment w/o justification -No quartering of troops -No martial law during peacetime -Wanted Parliament to give him more money (1629) -Parliament said noàDismissed them, never consulted them again
English Civil War -By 1640, Charles was in major debt (war in Scotland) -Called Parliament into session to beg for money -“Long Parliament”àStayed in session for a long time -Wanted to limit king’s power -Must convene Parliament at least every 3 years -Could not dismiss Parliament -Charles agreed but never intended to follow new rules -1642àPuritans in Parliament moved to abolish bishops in C of E -Charles really mad -Decided to arrest those members -Sent troops into Parliamentà already escaped -Parliament madàbegan rebelling -RoyalistsàThose supporting the king -RoundheadsàSupporters of Parliament -Leader was Oliver Cromwell -First major battle of warà4K of king’s army killed -Became leader of Parliament’s army -Very regimented/strict with army -1646àKing surrendered -Cromwell dismissed all of king’s supporters in Parliament -Rump ParliamentàWhat was left after this dismissal -Charged king with treason -Had trialàfound guiltyàexecuted in 1649 -Cromwell ran country for next decade -House of Lords abolished -Country became “commonwealth” -Given title of “Lord Protector” -Dismissed ParliamentàRuled as a absolute leader -Very strict leader -Restricted entertainment (theaters, etc) -Went to war with Dutch (trade) and Spain (colonies) -Many people concerned about England (war, Cromwell, executing king) -Thomas Hobbes -Wrote “Leviathan” -Said people are selfish and fearfulàneed powerful gov’t to rule
The Monarchy Returns -Cromwell dies in 1658 -Son, Richard, takes over -Not very good -Govt collapses -Parliament votes to bring back monarch (1660) -“Restoration” -Charles II (Charles I son) invited to come back with certain conditions -Usually deferred to Parliament -Reopened theaters -Habeas Corpus Act (1679) -Guaranteed right of accused to stand before judge -Bubonic plague returned (1665), Great Fire in London (1666) -Charles II dies in 1685 -James (brother) next in lineàproblemàwas Catholic -Wanted to rule as absolute monarch -VERY UNPOPULAR -1688àGlorious Revolution -William and Mary (James’s daughter and husband) invited to be co-rulers -James flees to France (lost cause) -Parliament basically chose new king and queen -Agreed to English Bill of Rights (p. 550) -Restricted monarch’s power even more -England becoming “constitutional monarchy” -Monarchy limited by law
|