|
Section 2 Conquest and Colonies
Main Idea: European countries established colonies in the newly discovered lands. Sometimes, they forcefully took the land
Spain -Caribbean -First areas settled by Spain (Hispaniola and Cuba) -Ecomienda System -Colonist given land and certain number of natives to work the land -Colonist taught natives Christianity -Natives treated like slaves -New diseases wiped out native population -Smallpox, TB -Mexico -Cortes led expedition to Mexico -Conquistador (military leader who fought against natives) -Conquered Aztec Empire -Moctezuma II leader of Aztecs -Unpopular with some of his subjects -Killed by Cortes after being taken prisoner -Cortes demanded room of gold for ransom -Had metal weapons, guns, horses, and armor -Peru -Francisco Pizarro conquered Incas -Incas hit with smallpoxàvery weak -Took their leader, Atahualpa, prisoner -Killed by Spaniards -Life in the Spanish colonies -Viceroys ruled areas in the name of the king -Economics based on gold and silver -Natives treated like slaves (90% died) -Some Spaniards wanted better treatment of natives
Portugal -Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) -Imaginary lineàEverything west belonged to Spain; East to Portugal -Only Brazil belonged to Portugal -Lots of jungleànot good farming/mining -Used natives then African slaves
Other Countries -France -Had colonies in Canada (wanted to find gold) -Got rich through trade (fish, furs)
-Did not have large number of colonists -Did not enslave natives -Explored Mississippi RiveràClaimed Louisiana territory for France -La Salle -Dutch -Colonies in “New England” area -Interested in trade -Bought the island of Manhattan -Founded New Amsterdam (NYC) -Americas not big priority for Dutch (Asia was) -British -Jamestown (1607)àFirst English colony -80% of original settlers died -Pilgrims (1620) -Had fights with French over land -British moved west to French-claimed land -1754àSeven Years War (AKA French and Indian War) -France surrendersàGives up most colonies -British try to recoup war debt by taxing colonists -Beginnings of a revolution
|