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Name: ________________________________________ Chapter 16 Study Guide
1. What was the name for the voyages that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to
North America and the West Indies?_________________________________________________
2. What new invention allowed navigators to calculate their location based on the position of the sun
and stars in relation to the horizon?__________________________________________________
3. What is capitalism? ______________________________________________________________
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4. Explain the importance of the Treaty of Tordesillas. ____________________________________
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5. Define mercantilism. _____________________________________________________________
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6. Explain how the encomienda system worked. _________________________________________
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7. Who founded the colony of Plymouth in Massachusetts in 1620? __________________________
8. Who were conquistadors? _________________________________________________________
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9. What is a joint stock company? _____________________________________________________
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10. Describe what a favorable balance of trade is.________________________________________
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11. List three (3) reasons for the beginning of the Atlantic Slave Trade.
1. ________________________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________________________________
12. Who was the first Portuguese explorer to find a route to India? ___________________________
13. How did the French make money in the Canadian colonies? ____________________________
14. Who was Amerigo Vespucci? _____________________________________________________
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15. Who claimed Canada for France? _________________________________________________
16. Who was the Spanish explorer who sailed west to try to find a direct route to Asia, but landed in
the Caribbean?________________________________________________________________
17. Define circumnavigate? __________________________________________________________
18. What is Francisco Pizarro known for? _______________________________________________
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19. What is Hernando Cortes known for? _______________________________________________
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20. What was Prince Henry’s nickname? _______________________________________________
What did Prince Henry establish? __________________________________________________
21. Who was Bartolomeu Dias? ______________________________________________________
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22. Define conquistador. ____________________________________________________________
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23. What was the transfer of food, plants, animals, and disease during American colonization called?
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24. Name at least three results of the Atlantic Slave trade. _________________________________
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25. What was the name of the economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and selling more goods than they bought?______________________________________________________________________
26. How did the Renaissance contribute to the Age of Exploration? __________________________
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27. Define inflation. ________________________________________________________________
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28. List three (3) improvements to ships during this exploration era. __________________________
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29. Which explorer claimed Brazil for Portugal? __________________________________________
30. List four (4) motives for exploration. ________________________________________________
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31. What was the goal of much of the European exploration in the Americas?
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32. Who was the first explorer to see the Pacific Ocean? __________________________________
33. In what present day country was the Aztec Empire located? _____________________________
34. Why was Portugal able to claim Brazil as a colony? ____________________________________
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